The VW Type 3 engine received a larger displacement (1.6 L) for 1966 (August ’65) and in 1968 became the world’s first volume production car to feature electronic fuel injection – pioneered by Bosch. In August 1963 VW introduced single- and twin-carburetor versions, respectively the Volkswagen 1500 ‘N’ (Normal), rated at 45 PS (33 kW 44 hp), and the 1500 ‘S’ (Super), 54 PS (40 kW 53 hp) which had high-compression (8.5:1) domed 83 mm pistons and twin downdraught 32 mm Solex PDSIT carburetors for more power. The original Volkswagen 1500 engine used a single side-draught 32 mm Solex PHN carburetor. Unlike the VW Bug (Type 1), the Type 3 engine and transmission unit was mounted into a subframe (which contained the complete rear suspension), in turn rubber-mounted to the floor pan and body, thereby isolating vibration and road noise from the passenger space. It used a similar transmission to the VW Beetle but with higher ratios (4.125 R&P v 4.375 R&P) and longer axles. The engine’s displacement would eventually increase to 1.6 L (1584 cc). This reduced the height of the engine profile, allowed greater cargo volume, and earned the nicknames of “Pancake” or “Suitcase” engine. While the long block remained the same as the Type 1, the engine cooling was redesigned by putting the fan on the end of the crankshaft instead of on the generator. The VW Type 3 engine was initially a 1.5 L (1493 cc) engine based on the air-cooled 1192 cc flat-4 found in the Type 1, but given a 69 mm stroke it became the basis for the 1300 cc and 1600 cc engines that followed in the later Beetle (Type 1) and Volkswagen Type 2 T1 and T2 Bus.
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